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Probiotic supplements typically contain between one and ten billion colony-forming units (CFUs) per dose. [42] A higher number of CFUs does not provide additional probiotic effects, but may have unintended consequences of causing digestive discomfort, such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea. [42] [43]
Probiotics are live microorganisms or viable spores which support the development of a beneficial gut microflora.Probiotic bacteria (e.g. from the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus) counteract undesired microorganisms such as Salmonella or E. coli by blocking receptors on the gut wall, production of antimicrobial substances or activation of the immune system.
It has been identified as a probiotic, which suggests its value for further research and application. [21] L. plantarum has significant antioxidant activities and also helps to maintain intestinal permeability. [22] It is able to suppress the growth of gas-producing bacteria in the intestines and may benefit some patients who suffer from IBS. [23]
Beano contains the enzyme α-Galactosidase, specifically one derived from the fungus Aspergillus niger.The enzyme works in the digestive tract to break down the complex or branching sugars (polysaccharides and oligosaccharides) in foods such as legumes (beans and peanuts) and cruciferous vegetables (cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, and brussels sprouts, among others).
The bifidobacterial genome contains many genes that encode for carbohydrate-modifying enzymes as well as genes that encode for carbohydrate uptake proteins. The presence of these genes indicates that Bifidobacteria contain specific metabolic pathways specialized for the fermentation and metabolism of plant-derived oligosaccharides, or prebiotics.
Because of the configuration of their glycosidic bonds, galactooligosaccharides largely resist hydrolysis by salivary and intestinal digestive enzymes. [1] Galactooligosaccharides are classified as prebiotics , defined as non-digestible food ingredients as substrate for the host by stimulating the growth and activity of bacteria in the colon.