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This complex is the major stabilizer of the medial knee. Injuries to the medial side of the knee are most commonly isolated to these ligaments. [1] [3] A thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the medial knee structures, along with a detailed history and physical exam, are imperative to diagnosing and treating these injuries.
The medial patellofemoral ligament attaches horizontally in the inner knee to the adductor magnus tendon and is the structure most often damaged during a patellar dislocation. Finally, the lateral collateral ligament and the medial collateral ligament stabilize the patella on either side. [ 2 ]
Both collateral ligaments are taut when the knee joint is in extension. With the knee in flexion, the radius of curvatures of the condyles is decreased and the origin and insertions of the ligaments are brought closer together which make them lax. The pair of ligaments thus stabilize the knee joint in the coronal plane. Therefore, damage and ...
A knee dislocation is an injury in which there is disruption of the knee joint between the tibia and the femur. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Symptoms include pain and instability of the knee. [ 2 ] Complications may include injury to an artery , most commonly the popliteal artery behind the knee , or compartment syndrome .
Complaints of locking sensation in the knee joint can be divided into true locking and pseudo locking. True locking happens when the intra-articular structure (e.g. ligaments) [1] is damaged, or a loose body is present inside the joint, or there is a meniscal tear. The knee can be unlocked by rotating the leg and full movement can be restored.
The medial collateral ligament (MCL), also called the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) or tibial collateral ligament (TCL), [1] is one of the major ligaments of the knee. It is on the medial (inner) side of the knee joint and occurs in humans and other primates. Its primary function is to resist valgus (inward bending) forces on ...
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These terms come from Latin words with similar meanings, ab-being the Latin prefix indicating ' away ', ad-indicating ' toward ', and ducere meaning ' to draw or pull '. [b] Abduction is a motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body, carried out by one or more abductor muscles.