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Ultrasound is non-invasive and does not involve radiation, unlike some methods of imaging of the urinary tract such as X-rays or CT scans. [2] It is usually painless. [2] It is safe in pregnancy. [1] Risks specific to the scan involve: Discomfort from the abdominal probe [1] Distress related to results that are reported
In 2024, amidst a record 27-year high inflation rate of 28.92% and a significant decline in the value of the Naira, [35] the cost of antibiotics witnessed a more than tenfold increase in price. [36] Other medicines, such as asthma inhalers and diabetic medications, were also significantly affected.
Recurrent urinary tract infections are defined as at least two infections (episodes) in a six-month time period or three infections in twelve months, can occur in adults and in children. [113] Cystitis refers to a urinary tract infection that involves the lower urinary tract (bladder).
A 2023 study that got a lot of buzz estimated that E.coli-contaminated meat leads to nearly half a million UTIs in the U.S. each year, making it one of the most common causes of UTIs.
Urinary tract infection in pediatric patients is a significant clinical issue, affecting approximately 7% of fevered infants and children. [43] If left untreated, the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys, resulting in acute pyelonephritis, which leads to hypertension , kidney scarring , and end-stage kidney disease .
There are three main areas which are emphasised in the curriculum. These are: (1) HIV research and training, (2) Community medicine and education of public health in Nigeria and finally (3) Geonomics of infectious disease. The aim is to revise the infrastructure available to students so that education in these three areas can be improved.
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) is the national public health institute for Nigeria. [1] It is a federal government agency under the Federal Ministry of Health (Nigeria), with its headquarters in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory. [2] [3]
By 1997, SFH was distributing seventeen million condoms annually, and by 2009, 200 million condoms all over Nigeria at a subsidised price. In 2003, SFH launched its malaria programme, in partnership with USAID. The focus was on the treatment and prevention of malaria - one of the biggest causes of infant and child mortality in Nigeria. [12]