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The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
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Bioluminescent Mycena roseoflava Panellus stipticus, one of about 125 known species of bioluminescent fungi. Found largely in temperate and tropical climates, currently there are more than 125 known species of bioluminescent fungi, [1] all of which are members of the order Agaricales (Basidiomycota) with one possible exceptional ascomycete belonging to the order Xylariales. [2]
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A closer look at H. anguillulae from the previous image. Numbered ticks are 20 μm apart. A fungus of the genus Arthrobotrys, showing adhesive nets which it uses to trap nematodes. Numbered ticks are 122 μm apart. Nematophagous fungi are carnivorous fungi specialized in trapping and digesting nematodes. More than 700 species are known. [1]
Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as Cladonia belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (containing all of the descendants of a common ancestor).
Spores coming out of puffball fungus. While most puffballs are not poisonous, some often look similar to young agarics, and especially the deadly Amanitas, such as the death cap or destroying angel mushrooms.