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Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority. [1] [2] [3] Sovereignty entails hierarchy within a state as well as external autonomy for states. [4]In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body or institution that has the ultimate authority over other people and to change existing laws. [5]
Westphalian sovereignty is the concept of nation-state sovereignty based on territoriality and the absence of a role for external agents in domestic structures. It is an international system of states, multinational corporations , and organizations that began with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
Niue's status is considered to be equivalent to independence for international law purposes, and the country exercises full sovereignty over its internal and external affairs. [5] Under the terms of the free association agreement, however, New Zealand retains some responsibility for the foreign relations and defence of Niue.
The coastal state is free to make laws relating to its internal waters, regulate any use, and use any resource. In the absence of agreements to the contrary, foreign vessels have no right of passage within internal waters, and this lack of right to innocent passage is the key difference between internal waters and territorial waters. [2]
Other states are subject to external sovereignty or hegemony where ultimate sovereignty lies in another state. [44] Many states are federated states which participate in a federal union. A federated state is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federation. [45] (Compare confederacies or confederations such as Switzerland.)
Schematic map of maritime zones (aerial view). Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones [1]).
A sovereign state is a political association with effective internal and external sovereignty over a geographic area and population which is not dependent on, or subject to any other power or state. As a practical matter, the question of sovereignty for the Philippines did not arise until near the end of the 19th century.
Sovereigntism, sovereignism or souverainism (from French: souverainisme, pronounced [su.vʁɛ.nism] ⓘ, meaning "the ideology of sovereignty") is the notion of having control over one's conditions of existence, whether at the level of the self, social group, region, nation or globe. [1]