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The rope example is an example involving a 'pull' force. The centripetal force can also be supplied as a 'push' force, such as in the case where the normal reaction of a wall supplies the centripetal force for a wall of death or a Rotor rider. Newton's idea of a centripetal force corresponds to what is nowadays referred to as a central force.
Figure 3: (Left) Ball in a circular motion – rope provides centripetal force to keep the ball in a circle (Right) Rope is cut and the ball continues in a straight line with the velocity at the time of cutting the rope, in accord with Newton's law of inertia, because centripetal force is no longer there.
Corollary 1 then points out that the centripetal force is proportional to V 2 /R, where V is the orbital speed and R the circular radius. Corollary 2 shows that, putting this in another way, the centripetal force is proportional to (1/P 2) * R where P is the orbital period.
Here the centripetal force is the ... per unit time. The formula is ... (17.7% of the orbital period in a circular orbit) and the time to fall to a ...
Newton's derivation begins with a particle moving under an arbitrary central force F 1 (r); the motion of this particle under this force is described by its radius r(t) from the center as a function of time, and also its angle θ 1 (t). In an infinitesimal time dt, the particle sweeps out an approximate right triangle whose area is
The force may be either attractive or repulsive. The problem is to find the position or speed of the two bodies over time given their masses, positions, and velocities. Using classical mechanics, the solution can be expressed as a Kepler orbit using six orbital elements.
The "reactive centrifugal force" discussed in this article is not the same thing as the centrifugal pseudoforce, which is usually what is meant by the term "centrifugal force". Reactive centrifugal force, being one-half of the reaction pair together with centripetal force, is a concept which applies in any reference frame.
It is only in very special circumstances that the vector of the centripetal force and the centrifugal term drop away against each other at every distance from the center of rotation. This is the case if and only if the centripetal force is a harmonic force. In this case, only the Coriolis term remains in the equation of motion.