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Nexum was a form of mancipatio, a symbolic transfer of rights that involved a set of scales, copper weights and a formulaic oath. [3] [verification needed] It remains unclear whether debtors entered into a nexum contract initially with their loan or if they voluntarily did so after they could not pay off an existing debt. [2]
Nexum was a debt bondage contract in the early Roman Republic. Within the Roman legal system, it was a form of mancipatio. Though the terms of the contract would vary, essentially a free man pledged himself as a bond slave (nexus) as surety for a loan. He might also hand over his son as collateral.
Nexum was abolished by the Lex Poetelia Papiria in 326 BC. Roman historians illuminated the abolition of nexum with a traditional story that varied in its particulars; broadly, a nexus who was a handsome, upstanding youth suffered sexual harassment by the holder of
NXIVM (/ ˈ n ɛ k s i ə m / NEK-see-əm) was a cult led by Keith Raniere, who is now a convicted racketeer and sex offender. [3] NXIVM is also the name of the defunct company that Raniere founded in 1998, which provided seminars ostensibly about human potential [4] and served as a front organization for criminal activity by Raniere and his close associates.
Seduced: Inside the NXIVM Cult follows India Oxenberg as she grapples to make sense of her experience within NXIVM, a self-help organization which turned out to be a cult, examining her own culpability and abuse brought on to her by its leader, Keith Raniere, and rebuilds her relationship with her mother, Catherine Oxenberg who desperately fought to rescue her daughter.
Out of all forms of systems in slavery in the world, the Indian debt bondage system has one of the highest numbers of forced laborers. [5] According to the Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Government of India, there are over 300,000 bonded laborers in India, with a majority of them in the states of Tamil Nadu , Karnataka , and Odisha . [ 2 ]
They were also large landowners. The form of labour exploitation during this archaic period was the nexum, which was what historians call debt bondage, bonded labour, or debt slavery. The debtor pledged his labour services as collateral for debt. Defaulting debtors were liable to have their labour bonded for life. [1]
The lex Poetelia Papiria was a law passed in Ancient Rome that abolished the contractual form of nexum, or debt bondage. [1] Livy dates the law in 326 BC, during the third consulship of Gaius Poetelius Libo Visolus, [2] but Varro dates the law in 313 BC, during the dictatorship of Poetelius's son.