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Polyvagal theory (PVT) is a collection of proposed evolutionary, neuroscientific, and psychological constructs pertaining to the role of the vagus nerve in emotion regulation, social connection and fear response. The theory was introduced in 1994 by Stephen Porges. [1] There is consensus among experts that the assumptions of the polyvagal ...
Stephen W. Porges (born 1945) is an American psychologist.He is the Professor of Psychiatry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. [1] Porges is currently the Director of the Kinsey Institute Traumatic Stress Research Consortium at Indiana University Bloomington, [2] which studies trauma.
Stephen Porges' polyvagal theory claims that the vagus nerve system is central to connecting these clusters. [14] Siegel's model of the brain attempts to simplify the complexity of brain formation in emphasizing interaction between the brainstem, limbic systems (hippocampus and amygdala) and middle prefrontal cortex.
Many of the Polyvagal theory tenets incorporated in the Somatic Experiencing training are controversial and unproven. The SE therapy concepts such as "dorsal vagal shutdown" with bradycardia that are used to describe "freeze" and collapse states of trauma patients are controversial since it appears the ventral vagal branch, not the dorsal vagal ...
The polyvagal theory by Porges is an influential model of how the vagal pathways respond to novelty and to stressful external stimuli. [30] [31] [32] The theory proposes that there are two vagal systems, one that is shared with reptiles and amphibia and a second, more recent, system that is unique to mammals. The two pathways behave differently ...
Tend-and-befriend is a purported behavior exhibited by some animals, including humans, in response to threat. It refers to protection of offspring (tending) and seeking out their social group for mutual defense (befriending). In evolutionary psychology, tend-and-befriend is theorized as having evolved as the typical female response to stress.
Gaining knowledge about and understanding the effects of trauma may be the most complicated component of TIC, because it generally requires going beyond surface level explanations and using multiple explanatory theories and models or complex biopsychosocial models. Trauma related behaviors, thoughts, feelings, and current experiences can seem ...
If a person experienced trauma, due to the HPA axis being sensitized the HPA axis stays activated and the stress response can become chronic. [ 7 ] The constant release of the stress hormones can lead to physiological problems, like heart damage, diabetes and digestive issues through the excessive release of epinephrine and cortisol.