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The Model 1873 was the fifth variation of the Allin trapdoor design, and was named for its hinged breechblock, which opened like a trapdoor. The infantry rifle model featured a 32 5 ⁄ 8-inch (829 mm) barrel, while the cavalry carbine used a 22-inch (560 mm) barrel.
Over 50,000 Model 1868 rifles were manufactured, chambered for the .50-70 450 cartridge. This model served as the basis for the definitive Springfield Model 1873 series of rifles in .45-70-405 caliber, which was adopted in 1873 as the standard military longarm of the United States armed forces for the next 20 years.
Springfield Model 1866, trapdoor breech closed. In 1872–1873 a military board, headed by Brigadier-General Alfred H. Terry, conducted an examination and trial of 99 rifles from several domestic and foreign manufacturers, including those from Springfield, Sharps, Peabody, Whitney, Spencer, Remington, and Winchester pursuant to the selection of a breech-loading system for rifles and carbines ...
Colt M1855 revolver carbine and rifle; Henry repeating rifle [2] Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket [4] Pattern P1722 Brown Bess musket; Peabody M1862 Action rifle; Sharps M1848, M1863 carbine and rifle; Spencer repeating carbine and rifle [2] Springfield M1873 Trapdoor rifle; Trade musket [5]
The model 1884 traces its roots back to the design of the Springfield 1873. The model 1884 incorporated a significant number of improvements that had been made between 1878 and 1879. It also featured a serrated trigger that had been incorporated into the Springfield rifle design in 1883.
The "Hickok rifle" has a 29.625-inch (75.25 cm) barrel, which is longer than the carbine version's barrel and shorter than the rifle version's barrel, and also has a Kentucky rifle style sloped butt. The trapdoor mechanism is stamped with the year 1870, and the lockplate is stamped with the year 1863, indicating that this rifle was originally ...
Springfield Model 1873 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [11] Springfield Model 1875 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor officer's rifle. [12] Springfield Model 1877 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor carbine. [13] Springfield Model 1880 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [14] Springfield Model 1882 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor short rifle. [15]
In 1877, many changes were made to both the Model 1873 rifle and the Model 1873 carbine (the carbine was just a shorter version of the rifle). Historically, the Model 1877 rifle has just been considered to be a variant of the Model 1873, while the Model 1877 carbine has been considered to be a separate model.