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Probenecid, also sold under the brand name Probalan, is a medication that increases uric acid excretion in the urine. It is primarily used in treating gout and hyperuricemia . Probenecid was developed as an alternative to caronamide [ 1 ] to competitively inhibit renal excretion of some drugs, thereby increasing their plasma concentration and ...
Sulopenem/probenecid, sold under the brand name Orlynvah, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. [1] It contains sulopenem , a penem antibacterial , as the prodrug sulopenem etzadroxil; and probenecid , a renal tubular transport inhibitor .
Probenecid appears to be less effective than allopurinol and is a second line agent. [20] [64] Probenecid may be used if undersecretion of uric acid is present (24-hour urine uric acid less than 800 mg). [75] It is, however, not recommended if a person has a history of kidney stones. [75]
In general, this effect is achieved by action on the proximal tubule of the kidney. Drugs that reduce blood uric acid are not all uricosurics; blood uric acid can be reduced by other mechanisms (see other Antigout Medications). Uricosurics are often used in the treatment of gout, a disease in which uric acid crystals form deposits in the joints.
Unless high blood levels of uric acid are determined in a clinical laboratory, hyperuricemia may not cause noticeable symptoms in most people. [4] Development of gout – which is a painful, short-term disorder – is the most common consequence of hyperuricemia, which causes deposition of uric acid crystals usually in joints of the extremities, but may also induce formation of kidney stones ...
Allopurinol is used to reduce urate formation in conditions where urate deposition has already occurred or is predictable. The specific diseases and conditions where it is used include gouty arthritis, skin tophi, kidney stones, idiopathic gout; uric acid lithiasis; acute uric acid nephropathy; neoplastic disease and myeloproliferative disease with high cell turnover rates, in which high urate ...
A kidney infection during pregnancy may result in preterm birth or pre-eclampsia (a state of high blood pressure and kidney dysfunction during pregnancy that can lead to seizures). [42] Some women have UTIs that keep coming back in pregnancy. [112] There is insufficient research on how to best treat these recurrent infections. [112]
Kidney ischemia [1] is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. [2] Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. More complications happen when failure of the kidney functions result in toxicity in various parts of the body which may cause septic shock, hypovolemia, and a need for surgery. [3]