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If a person without a Kidd blood antigen (for example a Jka-Jkb+ patient) receives a Kidd antigen (Jka-antigen for example) in a red blood cell transfusion and forms an alloantibody (anti-Jka); upon subsequent transfusion with Jka-antigen positive red blood cells, the patient may have a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction as their anti-Jka antibody hemolyzes the transfused Jka-antigen ...
An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR), also called immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction, is a life-threatening reaction to receiving a blood transfusion. AHTRs occur within 24 hours of the transfusion and can be triggered by a few milliliters of blood. The reaction is triggered by host antibodies destroying donor red blood cells.
It is often confused with transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), another transfusion reaction. The difference between TACO and TRALI is that TRALI only results in symptoms of respiratory distress while TACO can present with either signs of respiratory distress, peripheral leg swelling, or both. [ 4 ]
Kidd antibodies are dangerous as they are capable of causing severe acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. They are unique in that they are capable of dropping to low or even undetectable levels after several months following an exposure. [5] Thus, on pre-transfusion testing, an anti-Jka or -Jkb may go undetected.
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a syndrome that is similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which develops during or within 6 hours of transfusion of a plasma-containing blood product. Fever, hypotension, shortness of breath, and tachycardia often occurs in this type of reaction.
Transfusion hemosiderosis; Transfusion-associated circulatory overload; Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease; Transfusion-dependent anemia; Transfusion-related acute lung injury; Transfusion-related immunomodulation
Type IV hypersensitivity, in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, often called delayed-type hypersensitivity, is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that can take a day or more to develop. [1] Unlike the other types, it is not humoral (not antibody-mediated) but rather is a type of cell-mediated response.
Once a woman has antibodies, she is at high risk for a transfusion reaction. [42] For this reason, she must carry a medical alert card at all times and inform all doctors of her antibody status. [citation needed] "Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions may be either immune-mediated or nonimmune-mediated.