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  2. Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Reform_Edict_of_1856

    Ottoman constitution of 1876 French translation of the edict, in Législation ottomane Volume 2, written by François Belin. The Imperial Reform Edict (Ottoman Turkish: اصلاحات خط همايونى, Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümâyûnu; Modern Turkish: Islâhat Fermânı) [1] was a February 18, 1856 edict of the Ottoman government and part of the Tanzimat reforms.

  3. Ottoman Land Code of 1858 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Land_Code_of_1858

    The Ottoman Land Code of 1858 (recorded as 1274 in the Islamic calendar) [1] was the beginning of a systematic land reform programme during the Tanzimat (reform) period of the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century. This was followed by the 1873 land emancipation act.

  4. Edict of Gülhane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Gülhane

    A state, criminal law, with less stringent rules for prosecution, was introduced to supplement the sharia, Sacred Law. Explosion in the bureaucracy which transformed the efficiency of the state. While in the old system bureaucrats had no salary and were paid fees by individuals, the changes brought on by the Edict of Gülhane established a ...

  5. Tanzimat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzimat

    Among institutions that received significant attention throughout this period included legislative functions, secularization and codification of the legal system, crackdowns on the slave trade, education, property law, law enforcement, and the military. Ottoman statesmen also worked with reformers of the many confessional communities of the ...

  6. Constitutional history of Turkey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_history_of...

    This document was a proclamation by Abdulmejid I which reorganised the Ottoman Empire and introduced various reforms. 1856: Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856 that complemented and reinforced the Imperial Edict of Reorganisation. It promised equality of access to education, government appointments, military service, and administration of justice to ...

  7. Nizam-i Cedid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizam-I_Cedid

    The Nizam-i Cedid (Ottoman Turkish: نظام جديد, romanized: Niẓām-ı Cedīd, lit. 'new order') was a series of reforms carried out by Ottoman Sultan Selim III during the late 18th and the early 19th centuries in a drive to catch up militarily and politically with the Western powers.

  8. Législation ottomane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Législation_ottomane

    Législation ottomane, ou Recueil des lois, règlements, ordonnances, traités, capitulations et autres documents officiels de l'Empire ottoman is a collection of Ottoman law published by Gregory Aristarchis (as Grégoire Aristarchi) and edited by Demetrius Nicolaides (as Démétrius Nicolaïdes). The volumes were published from 1873 to 1888.

  9. Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_Emin_Âli_Pasha

    Mehmed Emin Âlî Pasha, also spelled as Mehmed Emin Aali (5 March 1815 – 7 September 1871), commonly known as Ali Pasha, was a Turkish–Ottoman statesman during the Tanzimat period, best known as the architect of the Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856, and for his role in the Treaty of Paris (1856) that ended the Crimean War.