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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. [1] Symptoms may include frequent urination , trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate , or loss of bladder control . [ 1 ]
Around one third of men will develop urinary tract (outflow) symptoms, of which the principal underlying cause is benign prostatic hyperplasia. [26] Once symptoms arise, their progress is variable and unpredictable with about one third of patients improving, one third remaining stable and one third deteriorating. [citation needed]
It contains seven questions related to symptoms related to BPH and one question related to the patient's perceived quality of life. Created in 1992 by the American Urological Association, it originally lacked the eighth quality of life question, hence its original name: the American Urological Association symptom score (AUA-7). [1]
Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms such as bacterial prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, and cancer. [2] [5] Recommended treatments include multimodal therapy, physiotherapy, and a trial of alpha blocker medication or antibiotics in certain newly diagnosed cases. [6]
BPH can be treated with medication, a minimally invasive procedure or, in extreme cases, surgery that removes the prostate. In general, treatment often begins with an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist medication such as tamsulosin , which reduces the tone of the smooth muscle found in the urethra that passes through the prostate, making it ...
Other possible causes of prostatic congestion include benign prostatic hyperplasia, [4] prostate cancer, [5] urinary tract cysts, [6] and infrequent ejaculations. [7] [8] Symptoms are often patient-specific, and diagnosis includes a workup and a digital rectal examination. Individuals are often referred to a urologist for further examination.
BPH may refer to: Bachelor of Philosophy, an undergraduate or postgraduate degree; Bank BPH, a financial institution in Poland; Behaviour and Personality Assessment in Dogs, a Swedish temperament test for dogs; Benign prostatic hyperplasia, an increase in size of the prostate in middle-aged and elderly men; Bislig Airport's IATA code
A 2019 Cochrane review of 59 studies that included 8924 men with urinary symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. [4] This review found that bipolar and monopolar TURP probably results in comparable improvements in urinary symptoms, as well as a similar erectile function , the incidence of urinary incontinence, and the need for retreatment.