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A call detail record (CDR) is a data record produced by a telephone exchange or other telecommunications equipment that documents the details of a telephone call or other telecommunications transactions (e.g., text message) that passes through that facility or device. The record contains various attributes of the call, such as time, duration ...
CDRs are used for user billing: a telecom provider transfers them from time to time in order to send bills to their users. CDRs are sent in GTP' messages, or saved in files and fetched with FTP protocol. Information on chargeable events includes time of call set-up, duration of the call, amount of data transferred, etc.
The Best Evidence Rule is a legal principle that requires presenting the most reliable form of evidence in court, which is often the original document or file. In cases where digital evidence is involved, this means presenting the original digital file, rather than a printout or a copy.
Section 15 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 provided: [A]ll the said courts of the United States, shall have power in the trial of actions at law, on motion and due notice thereof being given, to require the parties to produce books or writings in their possession or power, which contain evidence pertinent to the issue, in cases and under circumstances where they might be compelled to produce the ...
First adopted in 1975, the Federal Rules of Evidence codify the evidence law that applies in United States federal courts. [1] In addition, many states in the United States have either adopted the Federal Rules of Evidence, with or without local variations, or have revised their own evidence rules or codes to at least partially follow the federal rules.
PACER (acronym for Public Access to Court Electronic Records) is an electronic public access service for United States federal court documents. It allows authorized users to obtain case and docket information from the United States district courts , United States courts of appeals , and United States bankruptcy courts .
The default rule is that hearsay evidence is inadmissible. Hearsay is an out of court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. [17] A party is offering a statement to prove the truth of the matter asserted if the party is trying to prove that the assertion made by the declarant (the maker of the out-of-trial statement) is true.
Civil rights cases concluded in U.S. district courts, by disposition, 1990–2006 [1]. Discovery, in the law of common law jurisdictions, is a phase of pretrial procedure in a lawsuit in which each party, through the law of civil procedure, can obtain evidence from other parties.