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A replica of a Chappe telegraph tower (18th century). A 'semaphore telegraph', also called a 'semaphore line', 'optical telegraph', 'shutter telegraph chain', 'Chappe telegraph', or 'Napoleonic semaphore', is a system used for conveying information by means of visual signals, using towers with pivoting arms or shutters, also known as blades or paddles.
An illustration of some of the optical devices available for laboratory work in England in 1858. An optical instrument is a device that processes light waves (or photons), either to enhance an image for viewing or to analyze and determine their characteristic properties.
An optical communication system is any form of communications system that uses light as the transmission medium. Equipment consists of a transmitter, which encodes a message into an optical signal, a communication channel, which carries the signal to its destination, and a receiver, which reproduces the message from the received optical signal.
Phase shift through a beam splitter with a dielectric coating. Beam splitters are sometimes used to recombine beams of light, as in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer.In this case there are two incoming beams, and potentially two outgoing beams.
Relascope usage. The Relascope is used by looking through the hole in the front of the instrument. When users look through this hole they will see several scales that are used for different measurements on the bottom half of their view, and on the top half they will see the tree that they are looking at.
In physics, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is a method for measuring doses from ionizing radiation.It is used in at least two applications: Luminescence dating of ancient materials: mainly geological sediments and sometimes fired pottery, bricks etc., although in the latter case thermoluminescence dating is used more often
Laser communication in space is the use of free-space optical communication in outer space.Communication may be fully in space (an inter-satellite laser link) or in a ground-to-satellite or satellite-to-ground application.