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2. r - Why use as.factor() instead of just factor() - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com/questions/39279238

   ‘factor(x, exclude = NULL)’ applied to a factor without ‘NA’s is a no-operation unless there are unused levels: in that case, a factor with the reduced level set is returned. ‘as.factor’ coerces its argument to a factor. It is an abbreviated (sometimes faster) form of ‘factor’. Performance: as.factor > factor when input is a factor

3. r - How to convert a factor to integer\numeric without loss of...

   stackoverflow.com/questions/3418128

   But annoyingly, there is nothing to handle the factor -> numeric conversion. As an extension of Joshua Ulrich's answer, I would suggest to overcome this omission with the definition of your own idiomatic function: as.double.factor <- function(x) {as.numeric(levels(x))[x]}

4. How to force R to use a specified factor level as reference in a...

   stackoverflow.com/questions/3872070

   When creating the factor from b you can specify the ordering of the levels using factor(b, levels = c(3,1,2,4,5)). Do this in a data processing step outside the lm() call though. My answer below uses the relevel() function so you can create a factor and then shift the reference level around to suit as you need to. –

5. r - Changing factor levels with dplyr mutate - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com/questions/28190435

   From my understanding, the currently accepted answer only changes the order of the factor levels, not the actual labels (i.e., how the levels of the factor are called). To illustrate the difference between levels and labels , consider the following example:

6. Convert data.frame column format from character to factor

   stackoverflow.com/questions/9251326

   I would like to change the format (class) of some columns of my data.frame object (mydf) from charactor to factor. I don't want to do this when I'm reading the text file by read.table() function. ...

7. Pandas - make a column dtype object or Factor - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com/questions/15723628

   Factor and Categorical are the same, as far as I know. I think it was initially called Factor, and then changed to Categorical. To convert to Categorical maybe you can use pandas.Categorical.from_array, something like this:

8. when to use factor () when plotting with ggplot in R?

   stackoverflow.com/questions/15070738

   ggplot(mtcars) + geom_point(aes(x=mpg, y=drat, colour=gear)) This communicates a continuum of points, and it's thus not ideal for a set of separate possibilities. (Indeed, once you get to five or six possibilities the colors can be hard to distinguish from each other). When gears is treated like a factor, the colors are chosen to be ...

9. r - summarizing counts of a factor with dplyr - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com/questions/25811756

   3. If you wanted to forego the dplyr, you can split into lists. df <- split(df, list(df[[obs1]], df[[obs2]]) If you wanted the count, you just create an sapply or lapply call to run through the lists and get the count of each one. Or literally any other function you want. answered Dec 12, 2015 at 1:08. black_sheep07.

10. r - How to reorder factor levels in a tidy way? - Stack Overflow

    stackoverflow.com/questions/45148897

    All arrange does is re-order rows, this has no effect on the levels of the factor and hence no effect on the order of a legend or axis in ggplot. All factors have an order for their levels. The difference between an ordered = TRUE factor and a regular factor is how the contrasts are set up in a model.

11. Confusion between factor levels and factor labels - Stack...

    stackoverflow.com/questions/5869539

    Very short : levels are the input, labels are the output in the factor() function. A factor has only a level attribute, which is set by the labels argument in the factor() function. This is different from the concept of labels in statistical packages like SPSS, and can be confusing in the beginning. What you do in this line of code.