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A steel column is extended by welding or bolting splice plates on the flanges and webs or walls of the columns to provide a few inches or feet of load transfer from the upper to the lower column section. A timber column is usually extended by the use of a steel tube or wrapped-around sheet-metal plate bolted onto the two connecting timber sections.
An exterior side of a building, usually the front. Fanlight A window, semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open fan. Fan Vault A conoid architectural element in which a series of equidistant curved ribs projects radially from a central axis, often a vertical wall support such as a column.
An astragal is a moulding profile composed of a half-round surface surrounded by two flat planes . [ clarification needed ] An astragal is sometimes referred to as a miniature torus. It can be an architectural element used at the top or base of a column , but is also employed as a framing device on furniture and woodwork .
Curtain walls may be designed as "systems" integrating frame, wall panel, and weatherproofing materials. Steel frames have largely given way to aluminum extrusions. Glass is typically used for infill because it can reduce construction costs, provide an architecturally pleasing look, and allow natural light to penetrate deeper within the building.
Wall framing in house construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions, both of bearing walls and non-bearing walls. . These stick members, referred to as studs, wall plates and lintels (sometimes called headers), serve as a nailing base for all covering material and support the upper floor platforms, which provide the lateral strength along a
Especially in stone architecture, fluting distinguishes the column shafts and pilasters visually from plain masonry walls behind. [3] Fluting promotes a play of light on a column which helps the column appear more perfectly round than a smooth column. As a strong vertical element it also has the visual effect of minimizing any horizontal joints ...