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Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. [7]
In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.
Sensory testing can quantify and assess the swelling for better treatment. The strength of the air pulse given during sensory testing in acid-injured vocal cords due to acid reflux disease will necessarily be much greater in order to elicit an airway reflex than tissues that are not swollen. [18] [19] [20]
People with silent reflux may clear their throat often, but the symptoms are often nonspecific. Find out what happens next with a laryngopharyngeal reflux diagnosis.
There are several classes of drugs for acid-related disorders, such as dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD/GERD), or laryngopharyngeal reflux. The World Health Organization gives drugs in these classes the categorization code ATC code A02.
The diagnosis of GERD is usually made when typical symptoms are present. [42] Reflux can be present in people without symptoms and the diagnosis requires both symptoms or complications and reflux of stomach content. [43] Other investigations may include esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Barium swallow X-rays should not be used for diagnosis. [42]
A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia [2] is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest. [1] [3] This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms such as a taste of acid in the back of the mouth or heartburn.
Anti-reflux medications may be prescribed for patients with signs of chronic laryngitis and hoarse voice. [24] If anti-reflux treatment does not result in a decrease of symptoms, other possible causes should be examined. [1] Over-the-counter medications for neutralizing acids and acid suppressants (H-2 blockers) may be used. [7]