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Unit 731 (Japanese: 731部隊, Hepburn: Nana-san-ichi Butai), [note 1] short for Manchu Detachment 731 and also known as the Kamo Detachment [3]: 198 and the Ishii Unit, [5] was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that engaged in lethal human experimentation and biological weapons manufacturing during the Second Sino-Japanese War ...
Yoshimura Hisato (Japanese: 吉村 寿人; February 9, 1907 – November 29, 1990) was a Japanese war criminal, medical scientist, and physiologist who served as a member of Unit 731, a biological warfare unit of the Imperial Japanese Army, during World War II and conducted experiments on prisoners of war and civilians in Manchukuo, Northeast China.
Human subject research in Japan began in World War II. It continued for some years after. Unit 731 , a department of the Imperial Japanese Army located near Harbin (then in the puppet state of Manchukuo , in northeast China), experimented on prisoners by conducting vivisections , dismemberments, and bacterial inoculations.
Akira Makino (牧野 明, Makino Akira) (November 1922 – May 2007) was a former medic in the Imperial Japanese Navy who, in 2006, became the first Japanese ex-soldier to admit to the experiments conducted on human beings in the Philippines during World War II.
Built in Beiyinhe, outside of Harbin, Manchukuo during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the camp served as a center for human subject experimentation and could hold up to 1,000 prisoners at any given time. [1] In 1937 the prison camp was destroyed and testing operations were transferred to Pingfang under Unit 731.
Unit 1855 was a unit for human experimentation that belonged to the central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the North China Army of the Imperial Japanese Army, stationed in Beijing between 1938 and 1945. Unit 1855 was established by the North China Army in 1938. [1]
The name for the operation came from the Japanese use of the code name PX for Pestis bacillus-infected fleas. In planning the operation, the navy partnered with Lieutenant-General Shirō Ishii of Unit 731 , who had extensive experience on weaponizing pathogenic bacteria and human vulnerability to biological and chemical warfare.
During the cover-up operation, the U.S. government paid money to obtain data on human experiments conducted in China, according to two declassified U.S. government documents. [6] The total amount paid to unnamed former members of the infamous unit was somewhere between 150,000 yen to 200,000 yen.