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Heparin appears to be relatively safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. [10] Heparin is produced by basophils and mast cells in all mammals. [11] The discovery of heparin was announced in 1916. [12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [13]
A common low molecular weight heparin drug is called enoxaparin (brand name Lovenox). Enoxaparin is listed as Pregnancy Category B, meaning animal studies have failed to show harmful effects to the fetus and therefore are safe to use in pregnant women.
The main issue with anticoagulation in pregnancy is that warfarin, the most commonly used anticoagulant in chronic administration, is known to have teratogenic effects on the fetus if administered in early pregnancy. [11] [12] Still, there seems to be no teratogenic effect of warfarin before six weeks of gestation. [13]
Use during pregnancy appears to be safe for the baby. [11] Enoxaparin is in the low molecular weight heparin family of medications. [11] Enoxaparin was first made in 1981 and approved for medical use in 1993. [12] [11] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [13]
Treatment of this condition is very similar to treatment of non-gravid heart failure patients, however, safety of the fetus must be prioritized. For example, for anticoagulation due to increased risk for thromboembolism, low molecular weight heparin which is safe for use during pregnancy is used instead of warfarin which crosses the placenta. [37]
[5] [88] Similarly, pregnant women are treated with low molecular weight heparin until after delivery to avoid the known teratogenic effects of warfarin, especially in the early stages of pregnancy, but it can be used while breastfeeding. [68]
Acetaminophen has long been considered safe to help reduce fever and relieve pain while pregnant. Here's what experts say about new claims.
Discontinuation of heparin is critical in a case of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Beyond that, however, clinicians generally treat to avoid thrombosis. [32] Treatment may include a direct thrombin inhibitor, such as lepirudin or argatroban. Other "blood thinners" sometimes used in this setting include bivalirudin and fondaparinux.