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The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation constitutes a major development in modern physical cosmology. In 1964, US physicist Arno Allan Penzias and radio-astronomer Robert Woodrow Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background (CMB) , estimating its temperature as 3.5 K, as they experimented with the Holmdel Horn Antenna .
The anisotropy, or directional dependency, of the cosmic microwave background is divided into two types: primary anisotropy, due to effects that occur at the surface of last scattering and before; and secondary anisotropy, due to effects such as interactions of the background radiation with intervening hot gas or gravitational potentials, which ...
The origin of this radiation depends on the region of the spectrum that is observed. One component is the cosmic microwave background . This component is redshifted photons that have freely streamed from an epoch when the Universe became transparent for the first time to radiation.
[16] [2] The two were awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, sharing it with Pyotr Kapitsa. Kapitsa's work on low-temperature physics was unrelated to Penzias' and Wilson's. [17] In 1979, Penzias received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. [18]
Robert Woodrow Wilson (born January 10, 1936) is an American astronomer who, along with Arno Allan Penzias, discovered cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) in 1964. [1] The pair won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics for its discovery.
The European Space Agency's Planck satellite has been gathering data since its launch in 2009, slowly building up a map of the cosmic microwave background radiation -- a distant remnant of the Big ...
The earliest and most direct observational evidence of the validity of the theory are the expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law (as indicated by the redshifts of galaxies), discovery and measurement of the cosmic microwave background and the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN).
The new cosmic ray was detected by the Telescope Array experiment, which brings together 507 different stations in a grid of in the Utah desert to detect cosmic rays and other phenomena.