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The democratic leader delegates authority, encourages participation, and relies on personal power (expert and referent power) to manage subordinates. The subordinates with democratic leadership: Will perform just as highly as autocratic leaders when he/she is present. Will have positive feeling with this style of leadership.
A 2011 study in France found that democratic workplaces “had a positive effect on workers’ job satisfaction.” [41] A 2019 meta-study indicates that “the impact [of democratic workplaces] on the happiness workers is generally positive”. [42]
This leadership style has been associated with lower productivity than both autocratic and democratic styles of leadership and with lower group member satisfaction than democratic leadership. [9] Some researchers have suggested that laissez-faire leadership can actually be considered non-leadership or leadership avoidance. [18]
The authoritarian leadership style, for example, is approved in periods of crisis but fails to win the "hearts and minds" of followers in day-to-day management; the democratic leadership style is more adequate in situations that require consensus building; finally, the laissez-faire leadership style is appreciated for the degree of freedom it ...
Rep. Dean Phillips (D-Minn.) criticized his party for being “totally devoid of leadership” and urged his colleagues to listen more to working-class voters around the country.
Research has also explored potential leadership advantages related to women’s values and attitudes, personal ethics, and found advantages for women, “at least in some contexts.” [66] The increasing presence of women leaders has also been shown to have positive effects on societal outcomes such as gender equality. [66]
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Participatory democracy may also have an educational effect. Greater political participation can help increase its efficacy and depth: "the more individuals participate the better able they become to do so", [ 7 ] an idea already promoted by Rousseau , Mill , and Cole . [ 8 ]