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The glycemic response (or glycaemic response) to a food or meal is the effect that food or meal has on blood sugar (glucose) levels after consumption. [1] It is normal for blood glucose and insulin levels to rise after eating and then return again to fasting levels over a short period of time.
The glycemic index of a food is defined as the incremental area under the two-hour blood glucose response curve following a 12-hour fast and ingestion of a food with a certain quantity of available carbohydrate (usually 50 g). The AUC of the test food is divided by the AUC of the standard (either glucose or white bread, giving two different ...
To get the GL of a food, the carb content of the actual serving is multiplied by the food’s GI. That number is then divided by 100. For example: To get the GL for beets, you’d multiply 13 (the ...
When isolated resistant starch is used to substitute for flour in foods, the glycemic response of that food is reduced. [20] [21] There is limited evidence that resistant starch can improve fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity, especially in individuals who are diabetic, overweight or obese.
In 2011, the European Food Safety Authority approved a health claim that all types of resistant starch, including modified resistant starch, can reduce the post-prandial glycemic response in foods when the high carbohydrate baked food contains at least 14% of total starch as resistant starch. [4]
Cooking food normally destroys resistant starches. Freshly cooked, hot starchy foods have a looser structure of glucose molecules, which can be digested readily by the body and raise blood sugar.