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The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) [1] of Australia is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world, extending over 1,700,000 square kilometres (660,000 sq mi). Measured water temperatures range from 30 to 100 °C (86 to 212 °F). The basin provides the only source of fresh water through much of inland Australia. [2]
An artesian well is a well that brings groundwater to the surface without pumping because it is under pressure within a body of rock or sediment known as an aquifer. [1] When trapped water in an aquifer is surrounded by layers of impermeable rock or clay, which apply positive pressure to the water, it is known as an artesian aquifer . [ 1 ]
Elizabeth Springs is one of a suite of nationally important artesian springs in the Great Artesian Basin, which is the world's largest artesian basin. The artesian springs have been the primary natural source of permanent water in most of the Australian arid zone over the last 1.8 Million years (the Pleistocene and Holocene periods). These ...
Basin and Range Carbonate Aquifer, and known by many names, is an important and unique aquifer in that it covers several western states and basins. Groundwater flows through fractured carbonate rock beneath basins and leads to many regional springs and water features, like Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge and the springs at Death Valley.
Because the basin is an important site for artesian wells, it has been extensively drilled and much is known about the structure of the basement and geothermal temperature gradients. Prominent subsurface features are the Coonamble lobe of the Surat Basin , round around Moree and Coonamble .
The district also encompasses the locations of the approximately 35 artesian wells, springs and sumps identified in a 1940 geological study of the thermal waters of the Hot Springs Artesian Basin. Included within the district are 125 contributing properties and 87 noncontributing properties." [2]
The Great Artesian Basin situated in Australia is arguably the largest groundwater aquifer in the world (over 1.7 million km 2 or 0.66 million sq mi). [23] It plays a large part in water supplies for Queensland, and some remote parts of South Australia.
The Great Artesian Basin lies atop a layer of marine sandstone that formed the bottom of the inland Eromanga Sea. The Eromanga Sea was an inland sea across the Australian continent that formed in the Early Cretaceous. The sea extended from the Eromanga Basin northward to the Carpentarian Basin.