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Intensive Brightening Treatment. Another one of Dr. Luke’s favorite retinol serums, this formula from PCA Skin is formulated with 0.5% retinol in addition to a patented Omnisome technology that ...
All classes of retinoid bind to many proteins. Natural retinoids such as retinol and retinyl esters bind to carrier proteins such as RBP4, chylomicrons and VLDL while synthetic retinoids likely bind to these and other proteins. [17] First generation retinoids are rapidly metabolized by Cytochrome p450 enzymes, typically of the Cyp26 family. [18]
Acitretin is a metabolite of etretinate, which was used prior to the introduction of acitretin. Etretinate was discontinued because it had a narrow therapeutic index as well as a long elimination half-life (t 1/2 = 120 days), making dosing difficult. In contrast, acitretin's half-life is approximately 2 days.
Features of photoaging include fine and coarse wrinkles, changes in skin pigmentation, and loss of elasticity. In human skin, topical retinoids increase collagen production, induce epidermal hyperplasia, and decrease keratinocyte and melanocyte atypia. Topical tretinoin is the most extensively investigated retinoid therapy for photoaging. [23]
Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid and sold under the brand name Accutane among others, is a medication used to treat skin diseases like harlequin-type ichthyosis, and lamellar ichthyosis, and severe cystic acne or moderate acne that is unresponsive to antibiotics. [6]
Tazarotene, sold under the brand name Tazorac, among others, is a third-generation prescription topical retinoid. [2] [3] It is primarily used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and acne. [4] Tazarotene is also used as a therapeutic for photoaged and photodamaged skin. [4] It is a member of the acetylenic class of retinoids. [4]