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The Wijs solution, iodine monochloride dissolved in acetic acid, is used to determine the iodine value of a substance. It can also be used to prepare iodates, by reaction with a chlorate. Chlorine is released as a byproduct. Iodine monochloride is a Lewis acid that forms 1:1 adducts with Lewis bases such as dimethylacetamide and benzene.
Iodine trichloride, which exists in the solid state as the planar dimer I 2 Cl 6, is a bright yellow solid, synthesised by reacting iodine with liquid chlorine at −80 °C; caution is necessary during purification because it easily dissociates to iodine monochloride and chlorine and hence can act as a strong chlorinating agent.
Iodine monochloride (ICl) exists as red transparent crystals that melt at 27.2 °C to form a choking brownish liquid (similar in appearance and weight to bromine). It reacts with HCl to form the strong acid HICl 2. The crystal structure of iodine monochloride consists of puckered zig-zag chains, with strong interactions between the chains.
Aliphatic hypoiodites can be synthesized through a variant on the Williamson ether synthesis: an alkoxide reacts with iodine monochloride, releasing the alkyl hypoiodite and chloride. [11] Alternatively, the Meyer-Hartmann reaction applies: a silver alkoxide reacts with elemental iodine to give the hypoiodite and silver iodide.
Such a triglyceride has a high iodine value (approx. 119). Below, the reaction product after the addition of four equivalents of iodine or bromine to the four C=C double bonds of the unsaturated fatty acid residues. The determination of iodine value is a particular example of iodometry. A solution of iodine I 2 is yellow/brown in color.
Iodine trichloride, which exists in the solid state as the planar dimer I 2 Cl 6, is a bright yellow solid, synthesised by reacting iodine with liquid chlorine at −80 °C; caution is necessary during purification because it easily dissociates to iodine monochloride and chlorine and hence can act as a strong chlorinating agent.
Iodic acid can be produced by oxidizing iodine with strong oxidizers such as nitric acid, chlorine, chloric acid or hydrogen peroxide, [3] for example: I 2 + 6H 2 O + 5Cl 2 ⇌ 2HIO 3 + 10HCl. Iodic acid is also produced by the reaction of iodine monochloride with water: 5ICl + 3H 2 O → 5HCl + HIO 3 + 2I 2
The iodine clock reaction is a classical chemical clock demonstration experiment to display chemical kinetics in action; it was discovered by Hans Heinrich Landolt in 1886. [1] The iodine clock reaction exists in several variations, which each involve iodine species ( iodide ion, free iodine, or iodate ion) and redox reagents in the presence of ...