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A surgical airway opening (cricothyrotomy) may be required if intubation is not possible. [10] The management of epiglottitis is different in adults compared to children. [13] Emergent tracheal intubation with general anesthesia (inhalational induction to preserve spontaneous ventilation) in the operating theater is standard. [13]
It is the most serious in young children, possibly because of the relatively small size of the trachea that gets easily blocked by swelling. The most frequent sign is the rapid development of stridor. It is occasionally confused with croup. If it is inflamed, a condition known as tracheitis can occur.
Croup (/ k r uː p / KROOP), also known as croupy cough, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus. [2] The infection leads to swelling inside the trachea, which interferes with normal breathing and produces the classic symptoms of "barking/brassy" cough, inspiratory stridor and a hoarse voice. [2]
Epiglottitis is often managed with antibiotics, inhaled aerosolised epinephrine to act as a bronchodilator, and may require tracheal intubation or a tracheostomy if breathing is difficult. [8] The incidence of epiglottitis has decreased significantly in countries where vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae is administered. [9] [10]
7–10 days [2] [3] Causes: Group A streptococcus [1] Risk factors: Sharing drinks or eating utensils [4] Diagnostic method: Throat culture, strep test [1] Differential diagnosis: Epiglottitis, infectious mononucleosis, Ludwig's angina, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, viral pharyngitis [5] Prevention: Handwashing, [1] covering ...
Expectant management with full monitoring, oxygen by face mask, and positioning the head on the bed for optimum conditions (e.g., 45 - 90 degrees). Use of nebulized racemic adrenaline epinephrine (0.5 to 0.75 ml of 2.25% racemic epinephrine added to 2.5 to 3 ml of normal saline) in cases where airway edema may be the cause of the stridor.
Symptoms of rhinovirus in children usually begin 1–3 days after exposure. The illness usually lasts 7–10 more days. [6] Color or consistency changes in mucous discharge to yellow, thick, or green are the natural course of viral URTI and not an indication for antibiotics. [6]
Strep throat, a bacterial infection, is the cause in about 25% of children and 10% of adults. [2] Uncommon causes include other bacteria such as gonococcus, fungi, irritants such as smoke, allergies, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. [2] [4] Specific testing is not recommended in people who have clear symptoms of a viral infection, such as a ...