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A self-serving bias is any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner. [1] It is the belief that individuals tend to ascribe success to their own abilities and efforts, but ascribe failure to external factors. [2]
Studies on attribution bias and mental health suggest that people who have mental illnesses are more likely to hold attribution biases. [24] People who have mental illness tend to have a lower self-esteem, experience social avoidance, and do not commit to improving their overall quality of life, often as a result of lack of motivation.
A 2006 meta-analysis found little support for a related bias, the actor–observer asymmetry, in which people attribute their own behavior more to the environment, but others' behavior to individual attributes. [9] The implications for the fundamental attribution error, the author explained, were mixed.
The research also uncovers attribution biases like the self-serving bias, where successes are attributed internally and failures externally. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, the study emphasizes situational factors and individual differences in attributions. [ 79 ]
Form function attribution bias In human–robot interaction, the tendency of people to make systematic errors when interacting with a robot. People may base their expectations and perceptions of a robot on its appearance (form) and attribute functions which do not necessarily mirror the true functions of the robot. [96] Fundamental pain bias
The defensive attribution hypothesis (or bias, theory, or simply defensive attribution) is a social psychological term where an observer attributes the causes for a mishap to minimize their fear of being a victim or a cause in a similar situation.
Self-serving bias would result in the assumption that the student's low grade is a result of poor teaching, which would direct the fault of one's reality away from one's own actions. Egocentric bias might also result in an overestimation of the number of students that received low grades in the class for the purpose to normalize these students ...
An implicit bias, or implicit stereotype, is the unconscious attribution of particular qualities to a member of a certain social group. [165] Implicit stereotypes are shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or gender.