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There are five systems or types of social inequality: wealth inequality, treatment and responsibility inequality, political inequality, life inequality, and membership inequality. Political inequality is the difference brought about by the ability to access governmental resources which therefore have no civic equality.
Global share of wealth by wealth group, Credit Suisse, 2021 Share of income of the top 1% for selected developed countries, 1975 to 2015. Economic inequality is an umbrella term for three concepts: income inequality, how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them; wealth inequality, how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners; and ...
The real (inflation adjusted) income of the global top 1% increased approximately 60%, while the middle classes of the emerging economies (those around the 50th percentile of the global income distribution in 1988) rose 70–80%. For example, in 2000, 5 million Chinese households earned between $11,500 and $43,000 in 2016 dollars.
Income inequality has fluctuated considerably since measurements began around 1915, declining between peaks in the 1920s and 2007 (CBO data [2]) or 2012 (Piketty, Saez, Zucman data [15]). Inequality steadily increased from around 1979 to 2007, with a small reduction through 2016, [2] [16] [17] followed by an increase from 2016 to 2018. [18]
Buildings in Rio de Janeiro, demonstrating economic inequality. Effects of income inequality, researchers have found, include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, [1] a lower population-wide satisfaction and happiness [2] [3] and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption. [4]
A very important factor affecting life chances is housing and the general inequalities in the real-estate market. [15] Poorer housing will affect health, available facilities, the likelihood of being a victim of crime, and many other aspects of life. Leisure facilities are often located in middle class areas or near non manual work places.
A pro-marriage equality rally in San Francisco, US Equality symbolSocial equality is a state of affairs in which all individuals within society have equal rights, liberties, and status, possibly including civil rights, freedom of expression, autonomy, and equal access to certain public goods and social services.
Naturalization explains racial inequality as a cause of natural occurrences. It claims that segregation is not the result of racial dynamics. Instead, it is the result of the naturally-occurring phenomena of individuals choosing likeness as their preference. [6] Cultural racism explains racial inequality through culture.