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The ileocolic lymph nodes, from ten to twenty in number, form a chain around the ileocolic artery, but tend to subdivide into two groups, one near the duodenum and the other on the lower part of the trunk of the artery. Where the vessel divides into its terminal branches the chain is broken up into several groups:
Colorectal cancer may metastasise to the inferior mesenteric lymph nodes. For this reason, the inferior mesenteric artery may be removed in people with lymph node-positive cancer. [3] This has been proposed since at least 1908, by surgeon William Ernest Miles. [4]
In Type II RCD, the same types of abnormal ILE found in the small intestine may be detected in the colon, stomach, [9] mesenteric lymph nodes, blood, bone marrow, and epithelium of the airways and skin. [9] Finally, the small intestinal lesions in Type II RCD contain IL-2 and IL-21 [18] as well as increased levels of IL-15. [3]
[3] [13] [14] Diagnosis, if enlarged lymph nodes are present, is usually by lymph node biopsy. [1] [2] Blood, urine, and bone marrow testing may also be useful in the diagnosis. [2] Medical imaging may then be done to determine if and where the cancer has spread. [1] [2] Lymphoma most often spreads to the lungs, liver, and brain. [1] [2]
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS): PTCL-NOS is a heterogenous group of T cell lymphomas that involves lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, spleen, and/or GI tract. Rarely this lymphoma may present in the GI tract without overt evidence of involvement of other tissues.
The inferior mesenteric lymph nodes have a subgroup of pararectal lymph nodes. The preaortic lymph nodes receive a few vessels from the lateral aortic lymph nodes , but their principal afferents are derived from the organs supplied by the three arteries with which they are associated–the celiac , superior and inferior mesenteric arteries .
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