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Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
In cardiology, an Austin Flint murmur is a low-pitched rumbling heart murmur which is best heard at the cardiac apex. [1] It can be a mid-diastolic [2] or presystolic murmur. [3] It is associated with severe aortic regurgitation, although the role of this sign in clinical practice has been questioned. [4]
The exact cause of an Austin Flint murmur is unknown. Hypothesis is that the mechanism of murmur is from the severe aortic regurgitation. In severe aortic regurgitation the jet vibrates the anterior mitral valve leaflet. This causes collision with the mitral inflow during diastole. As such, the mitral valve orifice narrows.
Regurgitation through the aortic valve, if marked, is sometimes audible to a practiced ear with high quality, especially electronically amplified, stethoscope. Generally, this is a very rarely heard murmur, even though aortic valve regurgitation is not so rare.
1 Aortic regurgitation: causes. 2 Aortic stenosis characteristics. 3 Aortic to right Subclavian path. 4 Heart valves ... LEft sided murmurs louder with Expiration
Systolic heart murmurs are heart murmurs heard during systole, [1] [2] [3] i.e. they begin and end between S1 and S2. Many involve stenosis of the semilunar valves or regurgitation of the atrioventricular valves .