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Graphs of roses are composed of petals.A petal is the shape formed by the graph of a half-cycle of the sinusoid that specifies the rose. (A cycle is a portion of a sinusoid that is one period T = 2π / k long and consists of a positive half-cycle, the continuous set of points where r ≥ 0 and is T / 2 = π / k long, and a negative half-cycle is the other half where r ...
One petal of the rose surrounds each of the removed points. A torus with one point removed deformation retracts onto a figure eight, namely the union of two generating circles. More generally, a surface of genus g with one point removed deformation retracts onto a rose with 2g petals, namely the boundary of a fundamental polygon.
K 3+3 – a calyx with six free sepals, arranged as two separate whorls; A∞ – many stamens; P3–12 – perianth from three to twelve petals; Groups of organs can be described by writing the number of instances in the group as superscript. A5² – 5 groups of 2 stamens. The formula can also express organ fusion.
A corolla of separate petals, without fusion of individual segments, is apopetalous. If the petals are free from one another in the corolla, the plant is polypetalous or choripetalous; while if the petals are at least partially fused, it is gamopetalous or sympetalous. In the case of fused tepals, the term is syntepalous. The corolla in some ...
The calyx, moreover, may or may not be persistent, is rarely acrescent (i.e. continuing in the fruit), imbricate or valvate. The corolla is composed of 5 free petals (commonly less than 5 or absent in Swartzieae, Amorphieae and Caesalpinioideae, or 3 to 4 in Mimosoideae) or partially united and presents, in general, a characteristic morphology.
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The sepals are innervated by three or more vascular bundles—called leaf scars [11] —originating in the vascular system of the petiole, while the petals have only one trace. The stamen usually has twice as many pieces as the calyx and corona, which are arranged in two whorls. When the number of stamens is greater than twice the number of ...
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