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Projected global surface temperature changes relative to 1850–1900, based on CMIP6 multi-model mean changes. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report defines global mean surface temperature (GMST) as the "estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea ice, and sea surface temperature (SST) over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a ...
The red curve shows measured global mean temperature, according to HadCRUT4 data from 1850 to 2013. Hockey stick graphs present the global or hemispherical mean temperature record of the past 500 to 2000 years as shown by quantitative climate reconstructions based on climate proxy records.
Some discrepancies between the UAH temperature measurements and temperatures measured by other groups remain, with (as of 2019) the lower troposphere temperature trend from 1979-2019 calculated as +0.13 °C/decade by UAH, [7] [8] and calculated at +0.208 °C/decade by RSS. [9] [10]
By contrast, in climate science, the well-known hockey stick graph (global temperature) describing 1000 years of global or hemispheric temperature has the "handle" horizontal and "blade" turning upward. [6] This difference of viewpoint is remarked on in a 2020 novel about climate change: Insurance companies in a panic at last year's reports.
GMST may refer to: Global mean surface temperature, sometimes abbreviated as Global surface temperature (GST) Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time , a time scale based on Earth's rate of rotation measured relative to celestial objects
Summer 2023 saw record-breaking heat, and, according to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 90% of the 120,000 heat-related emergency room visits in the United States last year took ...
This is a list of countries and sovereign states by temperature. Average yearly temperature is calculated by averaging the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in the country, averaged for the years 1991 – 2020, from World Bank Group , derived from raw gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit .
The variation in temperature that occurs from the highs of the day to the cool of nights is called diurnal temperature variation. Temperature ranges can also be based on periods of a month or a year. The size of ground-level atmospheric temperature ranges depends on several factors, such as: Average air temperature; Average humidity