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  2. Wide and narrow data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_and_narrow_data

    Many statistical and data processing systems have functions to convert between these two presentations, for instance the R programming language has several packages such as the tidyr package. The pandas package in Python implements this operation as "melt" function which converts a wide table to a narrow one. The process of converting a narrow ...

  3. Comma-separated values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values

    Most database programs can export data as CSV. Most spreadsheet programs can read CSV data, allowing CSV to be used as an intermediate format when transferring data from a database to a spreadsheet. CSV is also used for storing data. Common data science tools such as Pandas include the option to export data to CSV for long-term storage. [10]

  4. NetCDF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetCDF

    The Python programming language can access netCDF files with the PyNIO [14] module (which also facilitates access to a variety of other data formats). netCDF files can also be read with the Python module netCDF4-python, [15] and into a pandas-like DataFrame with the xarray module. [16]

  5. Hierarchical Data Format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_Data_Format

    Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) is a set of file formats (HDF4, HDF5) designed to store and organize large amounts of data.Originally developed at the U.S. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, it is supported by The HDF Group, a non-profit corporation whose mission is to ensure continued development of HDF5 technologies and the continued accessibility of data stored in HDF.

  6. Exploratory data analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_data_analysis

    Tukey defined data analysis in 1961 as: "Procedures for analyzing data, techniques for interpreting the results of such procedures, ways of planning the gathering of data to make its analysis easier, more precise or more accurate, and all the machinery and results of (mathematical) statistics which apply to analyzing data." [3]

  7. Simple matching coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_matching_coefficient

    Given two objects, A and B, each with n binary attributes, SMC is defined as: = = + + + +. where is the total number of attributes where A and B both have a value of 0,; is the total number of attributes where A and B both have a value of 1,

  8. Kernel density estimation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_density_estimation

    Kernel density estimation of 100 normally distributed random numbers using different smoothing bandwidths.. In statistics, kernel density estimation (KDE) is the application of kernel smoothing for probability density estimation, i.e., a non-parametric method to estimate the probability density function of a random variable based on kernels as weights.

  9. Word2vec - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word2vec

    Word2vec is a group of related models that are used to produce word embeddings.These models are shallow, two-layer neural networks that are trained to reconstruct linguistic contexts of words.