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The information bottleneck method is a technique in information theory introduced by Naftali Tishby, Fernando C. Pereira, and William Bialek. [1] It is designed for finding the best tradeoff between accuracy and complexity (compression) when summarizing (e.g. clustering) a random variable X, given a joint probability distribution p(X,Y) between X and an observed relevant variable Y - and self ...
A system or application will hit a bottleneck if the work arrives at a comparatively faster pace relative to other processing components. [3] According to the theory of constraints, improving on the occurrences of hot-spot point of the bottleneck constraint improves the overall processing speed of the software. [4]
Formally, a bottleneck lies on a system's critical path and provides the lowest throughput. Bottlenecks are usually avoided by system designers, also a great amount of effort is directed at locating and tuning them. Bottleneck may be for example a processor, a communication link, a data processing software, etc.
Early theories of attention such as those proposed by Broadbent and Treisman took a bottleneck perspective. [2] [4] That is, they inferred that it was impossible to attend to all the sensory information available at any one time due to limited processing capacity. As a result of this limited capacity to process sensory information, there was ...
In production and project management, a bottleneck is a process in a chain of processes, such that its limited capacity reduces the capacity of the whole chain. The result of having a bottleneck are stalls in production, supply overstock, pressure from customers, and low employee morale. [1] There are both short and long-term bottlenecks.
Bottleneck (engineering), where the performance of an entire system is limited by a single component; Bottleneck (network), in a communication network; Bottleneck (production), where one process reduces capacity of the whole chain; Bottleneck (software), in software engineering; Interconnect bottleneck, limits on integrated circuit performance
Information flow in an information theoretical context is the transfer of information from a variable to a variable in a given process.Not all flows may be desirable; for example, a system should not leak any confidential information (partially or not) to public observers—as it is a violation of privacy on an individual level, or might cause major loss on a corporate level.
Whereas in information transmission signal processing filters are used against syntax-disrupting noise on the bit-level, the methods employed in information filtering act on the semantic level. The range of machine methods employed builds on the same principles as those for information extraction.