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Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is a surgical procedure that aims to reduce the amount of cancer cells in the abdominal cavity for patients with tumors that have spread intraabdominally (peritoneal carcinomatosis). It is often used to treat ovarian cancer but can also be used for other abdominal malignancies.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a type of hyperthermia therapy used in combination with surgery in the treatment of advanced abdominal cancers. [1] In this procedure, warmed anti-cancer medications are infused and circulated in the peritoneal cavity (abdomen) for a short period of time.
Paul Hendrick Sugarbaker (born November 28, 1941, in Baltimore) is an American surgeon at the Washington Cancer Institute.He is known for developments in surgical oncology of the abdomen, including cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, [1] or HIPEC, a treatment alternately referred to as the Sugarbaker Procedure.
Debulking is the reduction of as much of the bulk of a tumour without the intention of a complete eradication. It is usually achieved by surgical removal. [1] [2] When performed for curative intent, it is a different procedure, which is called surgical debulking of tumors is known as cytoreduction or cytoreductive surgery [3] (CRS); "cytoreduction" refers to reducing the number of tumor cells.
The goal of surgical cytoreduction is to remove all gross disease including tumors that are in resectable areas of the lung or other structures and any large pleural nodules. After complete resection of visible disease, the chest cavity is perfused with hyperthermic chemotherapy with the goal of treating microscopic or minimally visible disease.
Cytoreductive surgery, which involves removing all visible cancer cells during the operation, is the current standard of care. Minimally invasive surgical techniques are preferred over open surgeries, as patients tend to have better short-term outcomes after the surgery. [8]
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