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Reduced affect display, sometimes referred to as emotional blunting or emotional numbing, is a condition of reduced emotional reactivity in an individual. It manifests as a failure to express feelings either verbally or nonverbally, especially when talking about issues that would normally be expected to engage emotions.
The DSM-5 allows for diagnosis of the predominantly inattentive presentations of ADHD (ICD-10 code F90.0) if the individual presents six or more (five for adults) of the following symptoms of inattention for at least six months to a point that is disruptive and inappropriate for developmental level:
[3] [6] The International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision also updated its diagnostic criteria to better align with the new DSM-5 criteria, but in a change from the DSM-5 and the ICD-10, while it lists the key characteristics of ADHD, the ICD-11 does not specify an age of onset, the required number of symptoms that should be exhibited ...
This list features both the added and removed subtypes. Also, 22 ICD-9-CM codes were updated. [2] The ICD codes stated in the first column are those from the DSM-IV-TR. The ones that were updated are marked yellow – the older ICD codes from the DSM-IV are stated in the third column.
Research has attempted to subtype youth with callous-unemotional traits by distinguishing between those with childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset conduct disorder, conduct disorder co-morbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or by the severity and type of aggression displayed. [7]
The DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of ADHD is 3–4 times more likely to diagnose ADHD than is the ICD-10 criteria. [212] ADHD is alternately classified as neurodevelopmental disorder [213] or a disruptive behaviour disorder along with ODD, CD, and antisocial personality disorder. [214] A diagnosis does not imply a neurological disorder. [185]
For instance, ADHD symptoms are associated with problems with emotional regulation, motivation, and arousal. [15] One study found a connection between emotional dysregulation at 5 and 10 months, and parent-reported problems with anger and distress at 18 months.
Emotional lability is seen or reported in various conditions including borderline personality disorder, [3] histrionic personality disorder, [4] post-traumatic stress disorder, [5] hypomanic or manic episodes of bipolar disorder, [6] and neurological disorders or brain injury (where it is termed pseudobulbar affect), such as after a stroke. [7]