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Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
Causes and origins of Tourette syndrome have not been fully elucidated.Tourette syndrome (abbreviated as Tourette's or TS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence, characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and at least one phonic tic, which characteristically wax and wane.
Chronic tics affect 5% of children and transient tics affect up to 20%. [61] [123] Many individuals with tics do not know they have tics, [20] or do not seek a diagnosis, so epidemiological studies of TS "reflect a strong ascertainment bias" towards those with co-occurring conditions. [51]
Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited neurological condition of multiple motor and at least one vocal tic. Although Tourette syndrome is the most common cause of tic disorders, [1] other sporadic, genetic, and neurodegenerative disorders may also exhibit tics. [2] [3]
Georges Gilles de la Tourette (1857–1904), namesake of Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited neurological disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence, characterized by the presence of multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.
Coprolalia is an occasional characteristic of tic disorders, in particular Tourette syndrome, although it is not required for a diagnosis of Tourette's and only about 10% of Tourette's patients exhibit coprolalia. [2] It is not unique to tic disorders; it may also present itself as a neurological disorder. [3] [4]
A 2011 Cochrane Collaboration review concluded that most major ADHD medications were effective in children with tics, and that stimulants did not generally worsen tics outside of individual cases. [268] Methylphenidate, guanfacine, clonidine, and desipramine were associated with improvement of tic symptoms. [268]
Echopraxia is a typical symptom of Tourette syndrome but causes are not well elucidated. [1]Frontal lobe animation. One theoretical cause subject to ongoing debate surrounds the role of the mirror neuron system (MNS), a group of neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (F5 region) of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors, [1] but no widely accepted neural or computational models have ...