Ad
related to: genotypic methods used in bacterial taxonomy lab review
Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Ribotyping is a molecular technique for bacterial identification and characterization that uses information from rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses. [1] It is a rapid and specific method widely used in clinical diagnostics and analysis of microbial communities in food, water, and beverages.
DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) is used as a primary method to distinguish bacterial species as it is difficult to visually classify them accurately. [7] This technique is not widely used on larger organisms where differences in species are easier to identify.
In the 1980s microbial phylogenetics went into its golden age, as the techniques for sequencing RNA and DNA improved greatly. [7] [8] For example, comparison of the nucleotide sequences of whole genes was facilitated by the development of the means to clone DNA, making possible to create many copies of sequences from minute samples.
Bacterial taxonomy is the classification of strains within the domain Bacteria into hierarchies of similarity. This classification is similar to that of plants , mammals , and other taxonomies. However, biologists specializing in different areas have developed differing taxonomic conventions over time.
Universal 16S bacterial primers have been used successfully to isolate cyanobacterial rDNA from environmental samples, but they also recover many bacterial sequences. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] The use of cyanobacteria-specific [ 20 ] or phyto-specific 16S markers is commonly used for focusing on cyanobacteria only. [ 21 ]
There are several models of the branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these is the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB). The GTDB is an initiative to establish a standardised microbial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny, primarily funded by an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship.
Microbial genetics studies microorganisms for different purposes. The microorganisms that are observed are bacteria and archaea. Some fungi and protozoa are also subjects used to study in this field. The studies of microorganisms involve studies of genotype and expression system. Genotypes are the inherited compositions of an organism.
Current methods of genotyping include restriction fragment length polymorphism identification (RFLPI) of genomic DNA, random amplified polymorphic detection (RAPD) of genomic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism detection (AFLPD), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, allele specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes, and hybridization to DNA microarrays or beads.