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A number of different words for sin are used in the Islamic tradition. According to A. J. Wensinck's entry on the topic in the Encyclopedia of Islam, Islamic terms for sin include dhanb and khaṭīʾa, which are synonymous and refer to intentional sins; khiṭʾ, which means simply a sin; and ithm, which is used for grave sins.
According to the Quran and Hadith, Allah's overarching mercy permits even the gravest sins to be pardoned by Him, provided the wrongdoer intends a sincere tawba. [citation needed] Shirk is an unforgivable sin if one dies without repenting from it: [17] [18] [19]
According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the Quran states twice in An-Nisa verses 48 and 116 that God can forgive all sins save one: shirk. [12] Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating others with Him ˹in worship˺, but forgives anything else of whoever He wills. And whoever associates others with Allah has indeed committed a grave sin.
However, committing this sin does not take one out of the fold of Islam, and according to some scholars, nor does it necessarily condemn them to eternal damnation in Hell. [non-primary source needed] As evidenced in the Qur'an: "And to Allāh belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. He forgives whom He wills and punishes ...
For example, the section of this surah about dealing fairly with orphan girls addresses the pre-Islamic Arabic practice of marrying orphan girls to take their property. [ 7 ] Shirk (refer 4:48 and 4:116 ) [ 8 ] is held to be the worst form of disbelief, and it is identified in the Quran as the only sin that God will not pardon.
The primary Wahhabi doctrine is affirmation of the uniqueness and unity of God (Tawhid), [18] [163] and opposition to shirk (violation of tawhid – "the one unforgivable sin", according to Ibn Abd Al-Wahhab). [164] They call for adherence to the beliefs and practices of the Salaf al-Salih (exemplary early Muslims).
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Until the late 19th century, the majority of Sunni and Shia jurists held the view that for adult men, apostasy from Islam was a crime as well as a sin, punishable by the death penalty, [3] [18] but with a number of options for leniency (such as a waiting period to allow time for repentance [3] [19] [20] [21] or enforcement only in cases ...