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The occupation of Indonesia by Japan for three and a half years during World War II was a crucial factor in the subsequent revolution. The Netherlands had minimal ability to defend its colony against the Japanese army , and within only three months of their initial attacks, the Japanese had occupied the Dutch East Indies.
The Japanese Empire occupied the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of the war in September 1945. In May 1940, Germany occupied the Netherlands, and martial law was declared in the Dutch East Indies. Following the failure of negotiations between the Dutch authorities and the Japanese ...
The Japanese invasion and subsequent occupation during World War II interrupted Dutch rule [97] [98] and encouraged the previously suppressed Indonesian independence movement. In May 1940, early in World War II , Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands, but the Dutch government-in-exile initially continued to control the Dutch East Indies from ...
The Japanese occupation during World War II brought about the fall of the colonial state in Indonesia, [65] as the Japanese removed as much of the Dutch government structure as they could, replacing it with their own regime. [66]
The East Indies was one of Japan's primary targets if and when it went to war because the colony possessed abundant valuable resources, the most important of which were its rubber plantations and oil fields; [13] [14] the colony was the fourth-largest exporter of oil in the world, behind the U.S., Iran, and Romania.
The Dutch lost control over the East Indies to the Japanese during much of World War II. [31] Following the war, the Dutch fought Indonesian independence forces after Japan surrendered to the Allies in 1945. In 1949, most of what was known as the Dutch East Indies was ceded to the independent Republic of Indonesia.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Dutch expanded throughout the archipelago. Following the 1940 German occupation of the Netherlands and the 1942 Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies during World War II, [21] Indonesian independence was declared in August 1945 and – following a prolonged revolution – recognized in ...
[18] 10 November is now commemorated in Indonesia as "Heroes' Day", in memory of the battle. [19] The Scottish-American Indonesian sympathiser K'tut Tantri also witnessed the Battle of Surabaya, which she later recorded in her memoirs Revolt in Paradise. Prior to the fighting, she and a group of Indonesian rebels associated with Bung Tomo had ...