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Glucose-containing compounds are digested and taken up by the body in the intestines, including starch, glycogen, disaccharides and as monosaccharide. Glucose is stored in mainly the liver and muscles as glycogen. It is distributed and utilized in tissues as free glucose. To discuss image, please see Template talk:Human body diagrams
B-type chains, making half of the branches, have two branch points, and all chains have the same length. E. Meléndez-Hevia, R. Meléndez and E. I. Canela (2000) "Glycogen Structure: an Evolutionary View", pp. 319–326 in Technological and Medical Implications of Metabolic Control Analysis (ed. A. Cornish-Bowden and M. L. Cárdenas), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
The glycogen in the liver can function as a backup source of glucose between meals. [2] Liver glycogen mainly serves the central nervous system. Adrenaline stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the skeletal muscle during exercise. [12] In the muscles, glycogen ensures a rapidly accessible energy source for movement. [2]
Glycogen is analogous to starch, a glucose polymer in plants, and is sometimes referred to as animal starch, [16] having a similar structure to amylopectin but more extensively branched and compact than starch. Glycogen is a polymer of α(1→4) glycosidic bonds linked with α(1→6)-linked branches.
Other uses for α-glucan have been developed based on its availability in bacteria. The accumulation of glycogen Neisseria polysacchera and other bacteria are able to use in α-glucan to catalyze glucose units to form α-1,4-glucan and liberating fructose in the process. To regulate carbohydrate metabolism, more resistant starch was necessary.
Liver glycogen stores serve as a store of glucose for use throughout the body, particularly the central nervous system. [4] The human brain consumes approximately 60% of blood glucose in fasted, sedentary individuals. [4] Glycogen is an analogue of starch, a glucose polymer that functions as energy storage in plants.
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Glycogen and starch are notable glucans responsible for storing energy for the cell. Receptor molecules of the immune system, such as the Complement receptor 3, or CR3, and CD5 receptor, recognize and bind to beta-glucans on invading cell surfaces.