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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 22 August 2024. Series of military trials at the end of World War II For the film, see Nuremberg Trials (film). "International Military Tribunal" redirects here. For the Tokyo Trial, see International Military Tribunal for the Far East. International Military Tribunal Judges' bench during the tribunal at ...
Superior orders. Superior orders, also known as just following orders or the Nuremberg defense, is a plea in a court of law that a person, whether civilian, military or police, can be considered guilty of committing crimes ordered by a superior officer or official. [1][2] It is regarded as a complement to command responsibility. [3]
The Nuremberg principles are a set of guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime. The document was created by the International Law Commission of the United Nations to codify the legal principles underlying the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi party members following World War II. Group of defendants at the Nuremberg trials, from which the ...
The Nuremberg Code (German: Nürnberger Kodex) is a set of ethical research principles for human experimentation created by the court in U.S. v Brandt, one of the Subsequent Nuremberg trials that were held after the Second World War. Though it was articulated as part of the court's verdict in the trial, the Code would later become significant ...
One of the earliest models for ethical human experimentation, preceding the Nuremberg Code, was established in 1931. [4] In the Weimar Republic of 20th century pre-Nazi Germany, the entity known as Reichsgesundheitsamt [5] (translating roughly to National Health Service), under the Ministry of the Interior [6] formulated a list of 14 points detailing these ethical principles.
The Nuremberg Trials employed four official languages: English, French, German and Russian. It was feared that consecutive interpretation would slow down the proceedings significantly. This led to the introduction of an entirely new technique, extempore simultaneous interpretation.
Trial of Erich von Manstein. Erich von Manstein (24 November 1887 – 9 June 1973) was a prominent commander of Nazi Germany 's World War II army (Heer). In 1949, he was tried for war crimes in Hamburg, was convicted of nine of seventeen charges and sentenced to eighteen years in prison. He served only four years before being released.
The film is a condensation of the 1945 Nuremberg Trials based on restored courtroom footage and interviews with four participants in the trial: prosecutor Benjamin B. Ferencz, Auschwitz survivor Ernst Michel, [4] who, remarkably, became a reporter at the trial, Budd Schulberg, a member of John Ford's film unit, and chief interpreter Richard Sonnenfeldt.