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Based on a method published in 1931 by H.N.Marsh, [1] a Marsh cone is a flow cone with an aspect ratio of 2:1 and a working volume of at least a litre. A Marsh funnel is a Marsh cone with a particular orifice and a working volume of 1.5 litres. It consists of a cone 6 inches (152 mm) across and 12 inches in height (305 mm) to the apex of which ...
The volume flow is obtained by multiplying the measured average fluid flow velocity by the inner pipe cross-section. This reference flow value is compared with the simultaneous flow value given by the flow measurement to be calibrated. The procedure is standardised (ISO 2975/VII for liquids and BS 5857-2.4 for gases).
A mass flow meter, also known as an inertial flow meter, is a device that measures mass flow rate of a fluid traveling through a tube. The mass flow rate is the mass of the fluid traveling past a fixed point per unit time. The mass flow meter does not measure the volume per unit time (e.g. cubic meters per second) passing through the device; it ...
An illustration of fluid simulation using VOF method. In computational fluid dynamics, the volume of fluid (VOF) method is a family of free-surface modelling techniques, i.e. numerical techniques for tracking and locating the free surface (or fluid–fluid interface).
For constant fluid density, the incompressible equations can be written as a quasilinear advection equation for the fluid velocity together with an elliptic Poisson's equation for the pressure. On the other hand, the compressible Euler equations form a quasilinear hyperbolic system of conservation equations .
[7] [8] [9] Because of inertial effects, the fluid will prefer to the straight direction. Thus the flow rate of the straight pipe is greater than that of the vertical one. Furthermore, because the lower energy fluid in the boundary layer branches through the channels the higher energy fluid in the pipe centre remains in the pipe as shown in Fig. 4.
ρ p: Actual particle density (g/cm 3) ρ g: Gas or sample matrix density (g/cm 3) r 2: Least-squares coefficient of determination. The closer this value is to 1.0, the better the data fit to a hyperplane representing the relationship between the response variable and a set of covariate variables.
The LOT determines the pressure and/or fluid weight the test zone below the casing can sustain. The fluid in the well must be circulated clean to ensure it is of a known and consistent density. If mud is used, it must be properly conditioned and gel strengths minimized. The pump used should be a high-pressure, low-volume test, or cementing pump.