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Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. The Cauchy–Schwarz inequality (also called Cauchy–Bunyakovsky–Schwarz inequality) [1][2][3][4] is an upper bound on the inner product between two vectors in an inner product space in terms of the product of the vector norms. It is considered one of the most important and widely used inequalities in mathematics.
The special case p = q = 2 gives a form of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. [1] Hölder's inequality holds even if ‖ fg ‖ 1 is infinite, the right-hand side also being infinite in that case. Conversely, if f is in L p (μ) and g is in L q (μ), then the pointwise product fg is in L 1 (μ).
In mathematics, the rearrangement inequality[1] states that for every choice of real numbers and every permutation of the numbers we have. . (1) Informally, this means that in these types of sums, the largest sum is achieved by pairing large values with large values, and the smallest sum is achieved by pairing small values with large values ...
In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a central statement in complex analysis.It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk, and it provides integral formulas for all derivatives of a holomorphic function.
The mean value theorem is a generalization of Rolle's theorem, [citation needed] which assumes , so that the right-hand side above is zero. The mean value theorem is still valid in a slightly more general setting. One only needs to assume that is continuous on , and that for every in the limit.
Hellinger distance. In probability and statistics, the Hellinger distance (closely related to, although different from, the Bhattacharyya distance) is used to quantify the similarity between two probability distributions. It is a type of f -divergence. The Hellinger distance is defined in terms of the Hellinger integral, which was introduced by ...
For f and g in L 2, the integral exists because of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, and defines an inner product on the space. Equipped with this inner product, L 2 is in fact complete. [28] The Lebesgue integral is essential to ensure completeness: on domains of real numbers, for instance, not enough functions are Riemann integrable. [29]
In mathematics, the Cauchy integral theorem (also known as the Cauchy–Goursat theorem) in complex analysis, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy (and Édouard Goursat), is an important statement about line integrals for holomorphic functions in the complex plane. Essentially, it says that if is holomorphic in a simply connected domain Ω, then ...