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2. Geographic information system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Information_System

   A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data. [1][2] Much of this often happens within a spatial database; however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS. [1] In a broader sense, one may consider such a system ...

3. Data model (GIS) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_model_(GIS)

   Data model (GIS) A geographic data model, geospatial data model, or simply data model in the context of geographic information systems, is a mathematical and digital structure for representing phenomena over the Earth. Generally, such data models represent various aspects of these phenomena by means of geographic data, including spatial ...

4. List of GIS data sources - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GIS_data_sources

   List of GIS data sources. This is a list of GIS data sources (including some geoportals) that provide information sets that can be used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial databases for purposes of geospatial analysis and cartographic mapping. This list categorizes the sources of interest.

5. Geographic data and information - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_data_and...

   Geographic data and information. Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). [1][2] It is also called geospatial data and information, [citation needed ...

6. Spatial data infrastructure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_data_infrastructure

   A spatial data infrastructure (SDI), also called geospatial data infrastructure, [1] is a data infrastructure implementing a framework of geographic data, metadata, users and tools that are interactively connected in order to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way. Another definition is "the technology, policies, standards, human ...

7. Geographic information system software - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information...

   A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing phenomena for which location is important. [1][2][3] The GIS software industry encompasses a broad range of commercial and ...