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The term 'the Troubles' is a euphemism used by people in Ireland for the present conflict. The term has been used before to describe other periods of Irish history. On the CAIN web site the terms 'Northern Ireland conflict' and 'the Troubles', are used interchangeably. ^ McEvoy, Joanne (2008).
The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649–1653) was the re-conquest of Ireland by the Commonwealth of England, led by Oliver Cromwell. It forms part of the 1641 to 1652 Irish Confederate Wars, and wider 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Modern estimates suggest that during this period, Ireland experienced a demographic loss totalling ...
Williamite War in Ireland. The Williamite War in Ireland [a] took place from March 1689 to October 1691. Fought by Jacobite supporters of James II and his successor, William III, it resulted in a Williamite victory. It is generally viewed as a related conflict of the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War. The November 1688 Glorious Revolution replaced ...
The Orange Order was founded by Ulster Protestants in County Armagh in 1795, during a period of Protestant–Catholic sectarian conflict, as a fraternity sworn to maintain the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. The all-island Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland was established in 1798.
The Official Irish Republican Army or Official IRA (OIRA; Irish: Óglaigh na hÉireann) was an Irish republican paramilitary group whose goal was to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and create a "workers' republic" encompassing all of Ireland. [2] It emerged in December 1969, shortly after the beginning of the Troubles, when the ...
The wave of immigration from Ireland led to tension between the Irish and the French-dominated American Catholic Church. French Catholics were contemptuous of the Irish. Later this dynamic would be repeated in the post-Civil War period with the Irish in positions of power, and the new immigrants coming from places such as Naples and Sicily.
The Protestant Church in Germany, a federation of Lutheran, Reformed and United Protestant churches, has a flag with a violet Latin cross. Additionally, many Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox churches maintain the use of the Labarum , a historical symbol of Christianity, which is rarely used as a flag at present.
Part of the Williamite War in Ireland and the Nine Years' War. Battle of the Boyne between James II and William III, 11 July 1690, Jan van Huchtenburg. Date. 1 July 1690 O.S. [a] Location. Oldbridge, County Meath. 53°43′23″N 06°25′25″W / 53.72306°N 6.42361°W / 53.72306; -6.42361 (battle site) Result. Williamite and ...