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Participatory theory is a vision or conceptual framework that attempts to bridge the subject–object distinction. According to Jorge Ferrer , "the kernel of this participatory vision is a turn from intra-subjective experiences to participatory events in our understanding of transpersonal and spiritual phenomena."
Participatory management is the practice of empowering members of a group, such as employees of a company or citizens of a community, ... In theory, the model does ...
Participative decision-making (PDM) is the extent to which employers allow or encourage employees to share or participate in organizational decision-making. [1] According to Cotton et al., the format of PDM could be formal or informal. [2]
Action research in the workplace took its initial inspiration from Lewin's work on organizational development (and Dewey's emphasis on learning from experience). Lewin's seminal contribution involves a flexible, scientific approach to planned change that proceeds through a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of 'a circle of planning, action, and fact-finding about the result of the ...
A community engaged in a participatory planning project. Participatory planning is an urban planning paradigm that seeks to involve the community of an area in the urban planning of that area. It's a way for communities to work together to identify and address problems and to create a plan to achieve a desired socio-economic goal.
Participatory development (PD) seeks to engage local populations in development projects. Participatory development has taken a variety of forms since it emerged in the 1970s, when it was introduced as an important part of the "basic needs approach" to development. [1]
Likert argues that the participative system is the most effective form of management within the systems. This system also coincides with human-resources theory based on the level of lateral interaction between employees and managers. Managers recognize problems that occur when there is little cohesiveness between members of an organization.
Participatory democracy, participant democracy, participative democracy, or semi-direct democracy is a form of government in which citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies that affect their lives, rather than through elected representatives. [1]