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In graph theory, a connected graph is k-edge-connected if it remains connected whenever fewer than k edges are removed. The edge-connectivity of a graph is the largest k for which the graph is k-edge-connected. Edge connectivity and the enumeration of k-edge-connected graphs was studied by Camille Jordan in 1869. [1]
A complete graph with n nodes represents the edges of an (n – 1)-simplex. Geometrically K 3 forms the edge set of a triangle, K 4 a tetrahedron, etc. The Császár polyhedron, a nonconvex polyhedron with the topology of a torus, has the complete graph K 7 as its skeleton. [15] Every neighborly polytope in four or more dimensions also has a ...
Otherwise it is called a disconnected graph. A k-vertex-connected graph or k-edge-connected graph is a graph in which no set of k − 1 vertices (respectively, edges) exists that, when removed, disconnects the graph. A k-vertex-connected graph is often called simply a k-connected graph.
This graph becomes disconnected when the right-most node in the gray area on the left is removed This graph becomes disconnected when the dashed edge is removed.. In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more ...
A directed graph with three vertices and four directed edges (the double arrow represents an edge in each direction). A directed graph or digraph is a graph in which edges have orientations. In one restricted but very common sense of the term, [5] a directed graph is an ordered pair = (,) comprising:
2. The Petersen graph, a 10-vertex 15-edge graph frequently used as a counterexample. 3. Petersen's theorem that every bridgeless cubic graph has a perfect matching. planar A planar graph is a graph that has an embedding onto the Euclidean plane. A plane graph is a planar graph for which a particular embedding has already been fixed.
An edge coloring with k colors is called a k-edge-coloring and is equivalent to the problem of partitioning the edge set into k matchings. The smallest number of colors needed for an edge coloring of a graph G is the chromatic index, or edge chromatic number, χ ′ (G). A Tait coloring is a 3-edge coloring of a cubic graph.
A complete bipartite graph K n,n has a proper n-edge-coloring corresponding to a Latin square. [ 14 ] Every complete bipartite graph is a modular graph : every triple of vertices has a median that belongs to shortest paths between each pair of vertices.