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Function Distribution Ref. Small nuclear RNA: snRNA: Splicing and other functions: Eukaryotes and archaea [3] Small nucleolar RNA: snoRNA: Nucleotide modification of RNAs: Eukaryotes and archaea [4] SmY RNA: SmY: mRNA trans-splicing: Nematodes [5] Small Cajal body-specific RNA: scaRNA: Type of snoRNA; Nucleotide modification of RNAs: Guide RNA ...
[1] [2] The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon table, because when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes, it is messenger RNA (mRNA) that directs protein synthesis. [2] [3] The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of genomic DNA. [4] In this context, the standard genetic code is referred to as ...
Cytoplasmic localization of mRNA is thought to be a function of the 3' UTR. Proteins that are needed in a particular region of the cell can also be translated there; in such a case, the 3' UTR may contain sequences that allow the transcript to be localized to this region for translation.
Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene.Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. [1] [2] In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene.
DNA is initially transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. The mRNA is then translated into a protein. (See Central dogma of molecular biology.) mRNA structure, approximately to scale for a human mRNA. In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a ...
In eukaryotic cells, once precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) has been transcribed from DNA, it is processed to mature mRNA. This removes its introns—non-coding sections of the pre-mRNA. The mRNA is then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into its corresponding protein form with the help of tRNA ...
There is no lactose to inhibit the repressor, so the repressor binds to the operator, which obstructs the RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and making the mRNA encoding the lactase gene. Bottom: The gene is turned on. Lactose is inhibiting the repressor, allowing the RNA polymerase to bind with the promoter and express the genes ...
Regulatory sequences are frequently associated with messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, where they are used to control mRNA biogenesis or translation. A variety of biological molecules may bind to the RNA to accomplish this regulation, including proteins (e.g., translational repressors and splicing factors), other RNA molecules (e.g., miRNA ) and ...